危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存間作為危險(xiǎn)廢棄物管理系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，在環(huán)境保護(hù)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著不可替代的重要作用。這類專業(yè)設(shè)施必須由具備資質(zhì)的環(huán)保公司或?qū)I(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計(jì)、建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)管理，以確保符合國(guó)家相關(guān)法律法規(guī)和技術(shù)規(guī)范的要求。那么，一個(gè)符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的危廢暫存間應(yīng)當(dāng)滿足哪些具體要求呢？讓我們從多個(gè)維度進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述：

The temporary storage room for hazardous waste, as a key component of the hazardous waste management system, plays an irreplaceable and important role in environmental protection and sustainable development. Such professional facilities must be designed, constructed, and operated by qualified environmental protection companies or professional institutions to ensure compliance with relevant national laws, regulations, and technical specifications. So, what specific requirements should a hazardous waste temporary storage room that meets the standards meet? Let's elaborate from multiple dimensions:

在選址規(guī)劃方面，危廢暫存間必須嚴(yán)格遵循"遠(yuǎn)離敏感區(qū)域"的原則，與居民生活區(qū)、水源保護(hù)區(qū)等重要環(huán)境敏感點(diǎn)保持足夠的安全距離。同時(shí)要考慮地質(zhì)穩(wěn)定性、水文條件等因素，確保選址科學(xué)合理。

In terms of site selection and planning, the hazardous waste temporary storage room must strictly follow the principle of "staying away from sensitive areas" and maintain sufficient safety distance from important environmental sensitive points such as residential areas and water source protection areas. At the same time, factors such as geological stability and hydrological conditions should be considered to ensure that the site selection is scientific and reasonable.

設(shè)施建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是確保安全的核心要素。危廢暫存間必須配備完善的"五防"系統(tǒng)：防火系統(tǒng)要采用阻燃材料并配備自動(dòng)滅火裝置；防盜設(shè)施需包括視頻監(jiān)控和門禁系統(tǒng)；防雨設(shè)計(jì)要確保屋面排水通暢；防爆措施要針對(duì)可能產(chǎn)生的易燃易爆氣體；最重要的是防滲漏系統(tǒng)，需要采用雙層防滲結(jié)構(gòu)并設(shè)置滲漏檢測(cè)裝置。此外，通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)必須符合環(huán)保要求，排氣筒高度不應(yīng)低于1.5米，并配備氣體凈化裝置。

Facility construction standards are the core elements to ensure safety. The hazardous waste temporary storage room must be equipped with a complete "five prevention" system: the fire prevention system should use flame-retardant materials and be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing devices; Anti theft facilities should include video surveillance and access control systems; Rainproof design should ensure smooth roof drainage; Explosion prevention measures should be targeted at the possible generation of flammable and explosive gases; The most important thing is the anti leakage system, which requires the use of a double-layer anti-seepage structure and the installation of leakage detection devices. In addition, the ventilation system must comply with environmental requirements, with exhaust pipes no less than 1.5 meters high and equipped with gas purification devices.

標(biāo)識(shí)管理系統(tǒng)是規(guī)范化操作的基礎(chǔ)。暫存間內(nèi)必須設(shè)置統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的危廢標(biāo)識(shí)標(biāo)牌，包括危險(xiǎn)特性標(biāo)識(shí)、存儲(chǔ)要求標(biāo)識(shí)、應(yīng)急處置標(biāo)識(shí)等。所有標(biāo)識(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)設(shè)置在醒目位置，采用耐久材料制作，確保長(zhǎng)期清晰可辨。

The identification management system is the foundation of standardized operations. Uniform and standardized hazardous waste identification signs must be set up in the temporary storage room, including hazard characteristic signs, storage requirement signs, emergency response signs, etc. All signs should be placed in prominent locations and made of durable materials to ensure long-term clarity and recognizability.

在照明設(shè)計(jì)方面，不僅要滿足基本照明需求，更要考慮防爆要求。觀察窗口的設(shè)置要便于日常巡查，同時(shí)確保安全防護(hù)。照明系統(tǒng)應(yīng)當(dāng)采用防爆燈具，并配備應(yīng)急照明裝置。

In terms of lighting design, it is not only necessary to meet basic lighting needs, but also to consider explosion-proof requirements. The setting of the observation window should facilitate daily inspections while ensuring safety protection. The lighting system should use explosion-proof lamps and be equipped with emergency lighting devices.

危廢分類存儲(chǔ)是防止交叉污染的關(guān)鍵。不同類別的危險(xiǎn)廢物必須嚴(yán)格分區(qū)存放，設(shè)置物理隔斷。不相容的危廢要確保完全隔離，存儲(chǔ)區(qū)域要明確標(biāo)識(shí)，并配備相應(yīng)的存儲(chǔ)容器和應(yīng)急設(shè)備。

The classification and storage of hazardous waste is the key to preventing cross contamination. Hazardous waste of different categories must be strictly stored in designated areas and physically separated. Incompatible hazardous waste must be completely isolated, and storage areas must be clearly labeled and equipped with corresponding storage containers and emergency equipment.

完善的管理制度是規(guī)范運(yùn)行的保障。必須建立包括危廢臺(tái)賬制度、轉(zhuǎn)移聯(lián)單制度、日常巡查制度、應(yīng)急管理制度等在內(nèi)的完整管理體系。所有操作都要詳細(xì)記錄，確保全過程可追溯。

A sound management system is the guarantee for standardized operation. A complete management system must be established, including hazardous waste ledger system, transfer manifest system, daily inspection system, emergency management system, etc. All operations must be recorded in detail to ensure traceability throughout the entire process.

人員素質(zhì)要求不容忽視。操作管理人員必須接受專業(yè)培訓(xùn)，掌握危廢特性、存儲(chǔ)要求、應(yīng)急處理等專業(yè)知識(shí)，經(jīng)考核合格后持證上崗。要定期組織復(fù)訓(xùn)，確保知識(shí)和技能持續(xù)更新。

The requirements for personnel quality cannot be ignored. Operation and management personnel must receive professional training, master the characteristics of hazardous waste, storage requirements, emergency response and other professional knowledge, and hold a certificate after passing the assessment before taking up their posts. Regular refresher training should be organized to ensure continuous updating of knowledge and skills.

此外，危廢暫存間必須通過環(huán)保部門的審批和驗(yàn)收，在建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)全過程嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行國(guó)家《危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存污染控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》等相關(guān)法規(guī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。通過規(guī)范化建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)，危廢暫存間不僅能有效控制環(huán)境污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，還能通過先進(jìn)的能源管理系統(tǒng)降低能耗，為實(shí)現(xiàn)碳減排目標(biāo)做出貢獻(xiàn)。這種專業(yè)化的危廢管理模式，既保護(hù)了生態(tài)環(huán)境，又促進(jìn)了資源的循環(huán)利用，體現(xiàn)了環(huán)境保護(hù)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的和諧統(tǒng)一。

In addition, the hazardous waste temporary storage room must pass the approval and acceptance of the environmental protection department, and strictly comply with relevant regulations and standards such as the national "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" throughout the construction and operation process. Through standardized construction and operation, hazardous waste temporary storage rooms can not only effectively control environmental pollution risks, but also reduce energy consumption through advanced energy management systems, contributing to achieving carbon emission reduction goals. This specialized hazardous waste management model not only protects the ecological environment but also promotes the recycling of resources, reflecting the harmonious unity of environmental protection and sustainable development.

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