近幾年工業(yè)化發(fā)展步伐日漸加快，企業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的危險(xiǎn)廢物種類不斷增多，如何安全高效地管理這些危廢已成為企業(yè)亟待解決的難題。危廢暫存間作為危廢管理流程中的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)，其科學(xué)規(guī)劃與嚴(yán)格管理直接關(guān)系到企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)安全與環(huán)境保護(hù)。因此，我們必須重視危廢暫存間的規(guī)劃工作，確保其既符合安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，又能提高存儲(chǔ)效率，為企業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展保駕護(hù)航。

　　In recent years, the pace of industrialization has been accelerating, and the types of hazardous waste generated in the production process of enterprises have been increasing. How to manage these hazardous wastes safely and efficiently has become an urgent problem for enterprises to solve. As a key part of the hazardous waste management process, the scientific planning and strict management of the hazardous waste temporary storage room are directly related to the production safety and environmental protection of the enterprise. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the planning of hazardous waste temporary storage rooms, ensuring that they meet safety standards while improving storage efficiency, and safeguarding the sustainable development of enterprises.

　　01明確危廢種類與特性-做好分區(qū)

　　01 Clarify the types and characteristics of hazardous waste - do a good job in zoning

　　守護(hù)藍(lán)天碧水·從重視危廢貯存開始

　　Guarding Blue Sky and Clear Water: Starting from Valuing Hazardous Waste Storage

　　在規(guī)劃危廢暫存間之前，企業(yè)應(yīng)對自身產(chǎn)生的危廢進(jìn)行全面剖析，應(yīng)根據(jù)危險(xiǎn)廢物的類別、數(shù)量、形態(tài)、物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)和污染防治等要求設(shè)置必要的貯存分區(qū)，避免不相容的危險(xiǎn)廢物接觸、混合。

　　Before planning the temporary storage room for hazardous waste, enterprises should conduct a comprehensive analysis of the hazardous waste they generate. Necessary storage zones should be set up according to the types, quantities, forms, physical and chemical properties, and pollution prevention requirements of hazardous waste to avoid contact and mixing of incompatible hazardous waste.

　　貯存庫內(nèi)不同貯存分區(qū)之間應(yīng)采取隔離措施，隔離措施可根據(jù)危險(xiǎn)廢物特性采用過道、隔板或隔墻等方式分開貯存。每個(gè)區(qū)域還應(yīng)設(shè)置相應(yīng)的隔離措施和警示標(biāo)識，同時(shí)，考慮到危廢的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)效率，暫存間應(yīng)設(shè)有合理的進(jìn)出通道，確保危廢能夠快速、安全地進(jìn)出。

　　Isolation measures should be taken between different storage zones in the storage warehouse. Isolation measures can be used to separate storage according to the characteristics of hazardous waste, such as corridors, partitions, or walls. Each area should also be equipped with corresponding isolation measures and warning signs. At the same time, considering the efficiency of hazardous waste transportation, the temporary storage room should have reasonable access channels to ensure that hazardous waste can enter and exit quickly and safely.

　　02配備專業(yè)設(shè)施與設(shè)備—嚴(yán)格做好六防要求

　　02 Equipped with professional facilities and equipment - strictly adhere to the six prevention requirements

　　越華潤華：?；贰⑽ｋU(xiǎn)廢物存貯專家

　　Yuehua Runhua: Expert in Hazardous Chemicals and Hazardous Waste Storage

　　貯存設(shè)施應(yīng)采取必要的防風(fēng)、防曬、防雨、防漏、防滲、防腐以及其他環(huán)境污染防治措施，不應(yīng)露天堆放危險(xiǎn)廢物。

　　Storage facilities should take necessary measures to prevent wind, sun, rain, leakage, seepage, corrosion, and other environmental pollution. Hazardous waste should not be stored outdoors.

　　1、貯存設(shè)施或貯存分區(qū)內(nèi)地面、墻面裙腳、堵截泄漏的圍堰、接觸危險(xiǎn)廢物的隔板和墻體等應(yīng)采用堅(jiān)固的材料建造，表面無裂縫。

　　1. Storage facilities or storage zones should be constructed of sturdy materials with no cracks on the surface, including ground, wall skirts, containment enclosures, partitions, and walls that come into contact with hazardous waste.

　　2、表面防滲——主要針對地面和裙角，表面防滲材料應(yīng)與所接觸的物料或污染物相容，可采用抗?jié)B混凝土、高密度聚乙烯膜、鈉基膨潤土防水毯或其他防滲性能等效的材料。

　　2. Surface anti-seepage - mainly for the ground and skirt corners, the surface anti-seepage material should be compatible with the materials or pollutants it comes into contact with, and can be made of anti-seepage concrete, high-density polyethylene film, sodium based bentonite waterproof blanket or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance.

　　3、基礎(chǔ)防滲——在常溫常壓下不易水解、不易揮發(fā)的固態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物可分類堆放貯存，也就是將貯存的危險(xiǎn)廢物直接接觸地面，在這種情況下，應(yīng)采取基礎(chǔ)防滲，防滲層為至少1m厚黏土層（滲透系數(shù)不大于10-7 cm/s），或至少2 mm 厚高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防滲材料（滲透系數(shù)不大于10-10 cm/s），或其他防滲性能等效的材料。

　　3. Basic anti-seepage - Solid hazardous waste that is not easily hydrolyzed or volatile at room temperature and pressure can be classified and stored, which means that the stored hazardous waste is directly in contact with the ground. In this case, basic anti-seepage should be adopted, with a anti-seepage layer of at least 1m thick clay layer (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-7 cm/s), or at least 2mm thick high-density polyethylene film or other artificial anti-seepage materials (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-10 cm/s), or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance.

　　4、防滲、防腐材料應(yīng)覆蓋所有可能與廢物及其滲濾液、滲漏液等接觸的構(gòu)筑物表面；采用不同防滲、防腐工藝應(yīng)分別建設(shè)貯存分區(qū)。

　　4. The anti-seepage and anti-corrosion materials should cover all surfaces of structures that may come into contact with waste, leachate, and other substances; Different anti-seepage and anti-corrosion processes should be used to construct storage zones separately.

　　5、貯存設(shè)施設(shè)置有門、有鎖、有專人看管鑰匙，防止無關(guān)人員進(jìn)入。

　　5. The storage facilities are equipped with doors, locks, and dedicated personnel to guard the keys to prevent unauthorized personnel from entering.

　　03貯存設(shè)施的建設(shè)—貯存方式

　　Construction of Storage Facilities - Storage Methods

　　越華潤華：?；?、危險(xiǎn)廢物存貯專家

　　Yuehua Runhua: Expert in Hazardous Chemicals and Hazardous Waste Storage

　　1、常溫常壓下不易水解、不易揮發(fā)的固態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物可分類堆放貯存，若直接接觸地面除表面防滲外應(yīng)做基礎(chǔ)防滲。

　　1. Solid hazardous waste that is not easily hydrolyzed or volatile under normal temperature and pressure can be classified and stored. If it comes into direct contact with the ground, in addition to surface anti-seepage, basic anti-seepage measures should be taken.

　　2、其他固態(tài)、半固態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物應(yīng)裝入容器或包裝物內(nèi)貯存，液態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物應(yīng)裝入容器內(nèi)貯存。

　　2. Other solid and semi-solid hazardous wastes should be stored in containers or packaging materials, while liquid hazardous wastes should be stored in containers.

　　3、具有熱塑性的危險(xiǎn)廢物應(yīng)裝入容器或包裝袋內(nèi)進(jìn)行貯存。（熱塑性——物質(zhì)在加熱時(shí)能發(fā)生流動(dòng)變形，冷卻后可以保持一定形狀的性質(zhì)。）

　　3. Hazardous waste with thermoplastic properties should be stored in containers or packaging bags. (Thermoplasticity - the property of a substance that can undergo flow deformation when heated and maintain a certain shape after cooling.)

　　4、易產(chǎn)生粉塵、VOCs、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的危險(xiǎn)廢物應(yīng)裝入閉口容器或包裝物內(nèi)貯存。

　　4. Easy to generate dust VOCs、 Hazardous waste such as acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be stored in closed containers or packaging materials.

　　04貯存設(shè)施的建設(shè)—污染防控

　　Construction of Storage Facilities - Pollution Prevention and Control

　　越華潤華：?；?、危險(xiǎn)廢物存貯專家

　　Yuehua Runhua: Expert in Hazardous Chemicals and Hazardous Waste Storage

　　1、在貯存庫內(nèi)或通過貯存分區(qū)方式貯存液態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物的，應(yīng)具有液體泄漏堵截設(shè)施，堵截設(shè)施最小容積不應(yīng)低于對應(yīng)貯存區(qū)域最大液態(tài)廢物容器容積或液態(tài)廢物總儲(chǔ)量1/10（較大者）。

　　1. If liquid hazardous waste is stored in a storage warehouse or through storage zoning, liquid leakage blocking facilities should be installed. The minimum volume of the blocking facilities should not be less than the maximum liquid waste container volume or 1/10 of the total liquid waste storage capacity of the corresponding storage area (whichever is larger).

　　2、用于貯存可能產(chǎn)生滲濾液的危險(xiǎn)廢物的貯存庫或貯存分區(qū)應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)滲濾液收集設(shè)施，收集設(shè)施容積應(yīng)滿足滲濾液的收集要求。（原標(biāo)準(zhǔn)籠統(tǒng)規(guī)定所有危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存?zhèn)}庫都要設(shè)計(jì)泄漏液體收集裝置，新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)明確了用于貯存可能產(chǎn)生滲濾液的危險(xiǎn)廢物時(shí)，才需要設(shè)計(jì)滲濾液收集設(shè)施，并非所有貯存液態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物的設(shè)施都需要設(shè)計(jì)液體收集設(shè)施。）

　　2. Storage facilities or zones for hazardous waste that may generate leachate should be designed with leachate collection facilities, and the volume of the collection facilities should meet the requirements for leachate collection. (The original standard generally stipulated that all hazardous waste storage warehouses must be designed with leakage liquid collection devices. The new standard clarifies that only when storing hazardous waste that may produce leachate, is it necessary to design leachate collection facilities. Not all facilities storing liquid hazardous waste need to be designed with liquid collection facilities.)

　　3、貯存易產(chǎn)生粉塵、VOCs、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存庫，應(yīng)設(shè)置氣體收集裝置和氣體凈化設(shè)施；氣體凈化設(shè)施的排氣筒高度應(yīng)符合GB 16297 要求（一般不低于15米）。（原標(biāo)準(zhǔn)籠統(tǒng)規(guī)定所有危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存?zhèn)}庫都要設(shè)計(jì)氣體導(dǎo)出口和氣體凈化裝置。）

　　3. Storage can easily generate dust VOCs、 Hazardous waste storage facilities for acid mist, toxic and harmful atmospheric pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be equipped with gas collection devices and gas purification facilities; The height of the exhaust pipe of gas purification facilities should comply with the requirements of GB 16297 (generally not less than 15 meters). (The original standard generally stipulated that all hazardous waste storage warehouses must be designed with gas outlets and gas purification devices.)

　　4、危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存過程中易產(chǎn)生粉塵等無組織排放的，應(yīng)采取抑塵等有效措施。

　　4. Effective measures such as dust suppression should be taken for unorganized emissions that are prone to occur during the storage of hazardous waste.

　　5、貯存場應(yīng)設(shè)置徑流疏導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)，保證能防止當(dāng)?shù)刂噩F(xiàn)期不小于25年的暴雨流入貯存區(qū)域，并采取措施防止雨水沖淋危險(xiǎn)廢物，避免增加滲濾液量。貯存場可整體或分區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)液體導(dǎo)流和收集設(shè)施，收集設(shè)施容積應(yīng)保證在最不利條件下可以容納對應(yīng)貯存區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的滲濾液、廢水等液態(tài)物質(zhì)。

　　5. The storage yard shall be equipped with a runoff diversion system to prevent the local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years from flowing into the storage area, and measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater from washing hazardous waste and increasing the amount of leachate. The storage area can be designed with liquid diversion and collection facilities as a whole or in zones, and the volume of the collection facilities should ensure that they can accommodate liquid substances such as leachate and wastewater generated in the corresponding storage area under the most unfavorable conditions.

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